Forex Wiki Indonésia Indonésio

Encontrando os melhores corretores de Forex na Indonésia Indonésia, ou a República da Indonésia. Como é oficialmente conhecido, está localizado no Sudeste Asiático, entre o Índico e o Oceano Pacífico. É um dos maiores países insulares do mundo, com mais de 13000 ilhas e o quarto país mais povoado, com uma população de mais de 258 milhões de pessoas. O arquipélago da Indonésia tem sido uma importante região comercial desde pelo menos o século 7, e ainda está fazendo um nome para si hoje. O mercado de câmbio na Indonésia tem crescido rapidamente por vários anos, e muitos dizem que poderia muito bem se tornar um dos principais mercados de Forex do mundo. Que é uma boa notícia para todos os comerciantes que procuram os melhores corretores de Forex na Indonésia, como muitos dos grandes nomes decidiram fazer uma peça para novos clientes. No entanto, devemos também salientar que a negociação Forex ainda é uma idéia relativamente nova na Indonésia, e as regras e regulamentos são muitas vezes mudando. A questão dos corretores Forex e Forex na Indonésia é que existem poucas leis e regulamentos para proteger os consumidores. No entanto, parece que as coisas estarão melhorando para os comerciantes de Forex à procura de melhores corretores de Forex na Indonésia. Uma breve explicação sobre Forex trading Forex é atualmente um dos mercados mais populares para investir, e por causa do grande tamanho do mercado, é impossível controlar um corpo. Está aberto 24 horas por dia, de segunda a sexta-feira e atualmente é o maior mercado financeiro do mundo hoje. Na verdade, mais de 3,5 trilhões de comércios são realizados todos os dias. O que é maior do que a soma de todos os mercados financeiros dos EUA. Com a negociação Forex, não há atraso, ou período de espera, como as transações são realizadas imediatamente. Uma grande variedade de pessoas optam por investir no mercado Forex, incluindo pessoas comuns, bem como grandes instituições financeiras. Comprar e vender bens e serviços, com países em todo o mundo, significa que sempre haverá um mercado de câmbio. Inicialmente, foram apenas as grandes preocupações que participaram no mercado Forex, mas hoje é possível para qualquer um desfrutar de jogar no mercado. Os preços em moeda corrente são, contudo, influenciados pela maior parte pelos grandes jogadores no mercado que são baseados em centros financeiros principais, tais como aqueles em Londres e em New York. Corretores de Forex recomendados na Indonésia As condições para o comércio de Forex são bastante boas na Indonésia O comércio de Forex na Indonésia está se expandindo muito rapidamente e, como já mencionamos, parece estar se tornando um dos principais mercados de Forex do mundo. Como isso aconteceu Inicialmente, foi porque as regras e regulamentos não eram tão rigorosos quanto alguns países mais desenvolvidos, e havia muito poucos obstáculos em relação à burocracia governamental. E, embora o país ainda esteja por trás de países como a Europa ou a Austrália, o governo indonésio parece muito interessado em conquistar a concorrência estrangeira e estabelecer mais empresas domésticas. Mas há outras razões para o mercado Forex estar ganhando um ponto de apoio na Indonésia. Um deles é a economia do país e dependência do governo no mercado Forex para uma grande parte do seu financiamento. Existe também um ambiente de negociação Forex perfeito, com um sistema de câmbio flutuante e uma economia de mercado livre. O Rupiah indonésio é a moeda corrente oficial de Indonésia, e no mercado de Forex é indicado pela letra IDR. Todas as notas e moedas são emitidas pelo Banco da Indonésia. Embora a Indonésia ainda possa ter uma economia relativamente pobre, tem um futuro brilhante, já que a Rupiah tem um papel importante a desempenhar no mercado Forex. Como corretores de Forex na Indonésia são regulados O Banco da Indonésia é responsável pela taxa de câmbio da Rupia, e também a regulamentação dos corretores de Forex operando no país. A taxa de câmbio baseia-se na taxa de câmbio de outras moedas, mas também uma série de outros fatores. Como regulador de corretores de Forex na Indonésia, o Banco da Indonésia é responsável por regular e monitorar o que eles fazem. Fornecedores de serviços de Forex tem que seguir determinados termos e condições estritas, e seguir as regras. Caso contrário, eles são sujeitos a multas pesadas. Outro fator que os corretores estrangeiros devem ter em consideração são os altos impostos do país e regulamentos rígidos. Mas não se desanime se você estiver procurando os melhores corretores de Forex na Indonésia, pois há muito para escolher. Além de algumas das maiores corretoras, existem vários corretores locais. No entanto, recomendamos que novos comerciantes confiem apenas em corretores licenciados e regulados que tenham toda a certificação correta. E, embora ainda seja um mercado crescente, as novas políticas introduzidas pelo governo e o fato de que a negociação pode ser feita on-line, estão ajudando o Forex a crescer rapidamente. Forex Brokers por países Era a informação útilIndonesia straddles o Equador entre o Oceano Índico eo Oceano Pacífico. Embora tenha fronteiras terrestres com a Malásia ao norte, bem como Timor Leste e Papua Nova Guiné para o leste, também vizinhos da Austrália ao sul, e Palau. As filipinas. Vietnã. Cingapura. E Tailândia ao norte, India ao noroeste. Com 18.110 ilhas, 6.000 delas habitadas, a Indonésia é o maior arquipélago do mundo. Cerca de 240 milhões de pessoas vivem neste quarto país mais populoso do mundo 8212 depois da China. Índia e EUA 8212 e, de longe, o maior país do Sudeste Asiático. A Indonésia também tem a maior população muçulmana do mundo. Indonésia está em curso para ultrapassar os EUA e se tornar a terceira maior antes de 2044. Na década que terminou em 2010, o crescimento da população manteve-se elevado em 1,49 cada ano, mas há uma oposição muçulmana substancial para impulsionar o planejamento familiar. Indonésia mercados como Maravilhoso Indonésia. E o slogan é bastante verdadeiro, embora não necessariamente sempre em boas maneiras. As florestas tropicais de Indonesias são as duas maiores do mundo depois do Brasil. E estão sendo registradas e cortadas na mesma velocidade alarmante. Enquanto a loja ricos e festa em Jacarta e Bali. Depois de décadas de má gestão econômica, 50,6 da população ainda ganha menos do que USD2dia de acordo com os números compilados pelo Banco Mundial em 2009. Usando o mesmo benchmark (povertydata. worldbank. orgpovertycountryIDN) O número de pobres livng em 1,90 por dia caiu de 44.000.000 em 2009 Para 21.000.000 em 2014. Mais informações atualizadas da tradingeconomicsindonesiaminimum-salários mostra que os níveis de remuneração média em todo o país como um todo foram marcados em IDR 2.700.000 (25 dias por mês 108.000 por dia13.000 8.30) Infra-estrutura em grande parte do país continua a ser rudimentar, E os viajantes fora do caminho terão necessidade de alguma paciência e flexibilidade. De acordo com a Rede Global do Grupo de Trabalho sobre Acesso à Energia para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável, em 2001, 53,4 da população indonésia tinham acesso à eletricidade e consumiam 345kWh por pessoa em um ano. No mesmo ano, os residentes da vizinha Cingapura tinham 100 acessos e consumiram 6.641 kWh. Uma percentagem muito grande da população indonésia continua dependente da madeira para um combustível de cozinha. Nos últimos anos, o governo central instituiu um programa de acesso a gás LPG para uso como substituto para a queima de fontes de biomassa para cozinhar. História editar Os templos de Prambanan (c. 10o século) A história moderna, adiantada, de Indonésia começa no período de 2500BC a 1500BC com uma onda de imigrantes austronesian da pele marrom-clara, pensamento para ter originado em Formosa. Acredita-se que este grupo neolítico de pessoas, especializadas em viagens marítimas e na agricultura, tenha rapidamente suplantado a população existente, menos desenvolvida. A partir deste ponto, dezenas de reinos e civilizações floresceram e desapareceram em diferentes partes do arquipélago. Alguns reinos notáveis ​​incluem Srivijaya (7o-14o século) em Sumatra e Majapahit (1293-c.1500), baseado em Java oriental mas o primeiro para unir as ilhas principais de Sumatra. Java. Bali e Bornéu (agora Kalimantan), bem como partes da Península Malásia. Os primeiros europeus a chegar (depois de Marco Polo, que passou por no final de 1200) foram os portugueses, que foram autorizados a erguer uma godown perto de Jacarta em 1522. No final do século, no entanto, os holandeses tinham Muito assumida ea demolição de um forte inglês concorrente em 1619 assegurou seu domínio em Java. Levando a 350 anos de colonização. Em 1824, os holandeses e os britânicos assinaram o Tratado Anglo-Holandês que dividia o mundo malaio em esferas holandesas e britânicas de influência, com os holandeses Cedendo Malaca aos britânicos e os britânicos cedendo todas as suas colônias em Sumatra aos holandeses. A linha de divisão corresponde aproximadamente ao que é agora a fronteira entre a Malásia e a Indonésia, com um pequeno segmento tornando-se a fronteira entre Cingapura e Indonésia. Vários grupos nacionalistas desenvolveram no início do século 20, e houve vários distúrbios, rapidamente colocados pelos holandeses. Os líderes foram presos e exilados. Então, durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial, os japoneses conquistaram a maior parte das ilhas. Em agosto de 1945, no pós guerra, após a rendição japonesa às forças aliadas, o exército e a marinha japoneses ainda controlavam a maioria do arquipélago indonésio. Os japoneses concordaram em retornar a Indonésia para os Países Baixos, mas continuaram a administrar a região, já que os holandeses não puderam retornar imediatamente devido à desestabilização em massa dos efeitos da guerra na Europa. Independência editar O 17 de agosto de 1945 Sukarno leu o Proklamasi ou Declaração de Independência ea Panitia Persiapan Kemerdekaan Indonésia (PPKI) mudou-se para formar um governo interino. Uma constituição, redigida pelo comitê preparatório PPKI foi anunciada em 18 de agosto e Sukarno foi declarado presidente com Hatta como vice-presidente. O PPKI foi então refeito no KNIP (Central Indonesian National Committee) e o KNIP tornou-se o corpo de governo temporário. O novo governo foi instalado em 31 de agosto de 1945. Os fundadores da Indonésia Sukarno (Soekarno) e Hatta declararam a independência da República da Indonésia. Os holandeses montaram uma campanha diplomática e militar para recuperar sua antiga colônia dos nacionalistas. Disputas, negociações, particionamento e conflito armado prevaleceram entre a independência da Indonésia e os Países Baixos. Várias nações, incluindo os Estados Unidos, criticaram muito os holandeses neste período pós-guerra imediato e, em uma fase do final de 1949, o governo dos EUA suspendeu a ajuda concedida aos holandeses sob o plano do Marechal. A questão também foi levantada pela recém-formada ONU. Depois de quatro anos de luta, os holandeses aceitaram a derrota e em 27 de dezembro de 1949 eles formalmente transferiram a soberania para a Republik Indonesia Serikat (República dos Estados Unidos da Indonésia). Em agosto de 1950 foi proclamada uma nova Constituição e a nova República da Indonésia foi formada a partir da República original, mas agora expandida, para incluir Sumatra Timur e Indonésia Oriental Indonésia Timur Negara. Jakarta foi feita a capital da república de Indonésia entretanto os Países Baixos ea Indonésia permaneceram em uma união constitucional teórica com Indonésia que prende o status de um estado completamente independente. Em setembro de 1950, Natsir e o partido Masyumi lideraram o primeiro governo da Indonésia totalmente independente. Sukarno retornou novamente ao papel de presidente e com o tempo veio a afirmar maior poder nesse papel. Por um tempo, a Indonésia usou uma constituição provisória inspirada na dos Estados Unidos, que também se baseou fortemente na Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos das Nações Unidas de 1948. Em 26 de setembro de 1950, a Indonésia foi admitida nas recém-formadas Nações Unidas. A constituição de 1950 parece ter sido uma tentativa de estabelecer um sistema democrático liberal com duas câmaras do parlamento. Mais tarde, em 1955, ainda sob esta constituição provisória, a Indonésia realizou sua primeira eleição gratuita. O novo governo foi encarregado de finalizar uma versão definitiva e definitiva da Constituição, mas depois de muita discussão consenso não foi alcançado levando a manifestações públicas organizadas em 1958. Em 1959, o Presidente Sukarno emitiu um decreto dissolvendo a então atual Constituição e restaurou a Constituição de 1945. A Indonésia então entrou na era da Democracia Guiada com o Chefe de Estado assumindo poderes presidenciais mais fortes e também absorvendo o papel anterior de Primeiro Ministro. Desde a sua declaração inicial de independência, a Indonésia reivindicou a Papuásia Ocidental como parte de sua nação, mas os holandeses a mantiveram nos anos 1960 e, no início dos anos 60, houve mais conflito armado sobre aquela região. Após um acordo de paz negociado pela ONU e um referendo, a Papua Ocidental tornou-se parte da Indonésia e foi renomeada como Irian Jaya. Que apocryphally representa Ikut (parte de) República de Indonésia, Anti Países Baixos. Seu agora chamado simplesmente Papua. Mas o movimento da independência smoulders sobre a este dia. Sukarnos homenagem à independência e unidade 8212 National Monument, Jakarta Durante a guerra pós-guerra e período da Guerra Fria, Sukarno fez avanços amistosos para os EUA, a União Soviética e mais tarde, a China. Ele também tentou jogar um contra o outro como ele tentou desenvolver a nação como um estado não alinhado. Para grande consternação dos governos ocidentais pós-guerra, Sukarno se envolveu em um extenso diálogo com os soviéticos e aceitou a ajuda civil, militar e técnica da URSS. Sukarno afirmou publicamente que seu envolvimento com os soviéticos era ajudar a promover a nova República da Indonésia como um estado de pós-guerra não alinhado e ajudar a reconstruir a nação após a guerra do Pacífico. Nessa época, os EUA estavam tentando consolidar seu controle sobre interesses regionais e estratégicos no Sudeste Asiático e Indo-China. Os EUA, confrontados por um arquipélago aparentemente no alcance do emergente nacionalismo indonésio, procuraram ganhar e manter o controle sobre os importantes recursos e rotas marítimas da região. Eles viram a Indonésia como potencialmente instável e em um vácuo de poder deixado na esteira da derrota japonesa na Indonésia. Os holandeses, sua nação devastada pela guerra européia, não conseguiram recuperar plenamente sua colônia e manter o controle sobre a crescente onda de nacionalismo indonésio. Os holandeses também estavam sujeitos à pressão dos EUA e outros governos ocidentais, além de seus próprios problemas consideráveis ​​em casa. Os EUA apoiaram encobertamente as atividades anti-Sukarno e as operações para desestabilizar o movimento nacionalista. Em 1957-58, a CIA infiltrou armas e pessoal em apoio de rebeliões regionais contra Sukarno. As ações secretas neste tempo conduziram à captação de um piloto e de um plano americanos. As atividades envolveram o uso de forças mercenárias, bem como o apoio material e financeiro dos insurgentes. Financiamento, armas, apoio logístico e treinamento foram fornecidos secretamente pelos EUA a facções separatistas, elementos de direita e grupos islâmicos radicais, incluindo Darul Islam, numa tentativa de obter o controle ocidental e norte-americano do nacionalismo indonésio. As ações foram apoiadas pela embaixada dos EUA em Cingapura, por elementos da US 7th frota estacionada de Sulawesi e Sumatra e com a cooperação e apoio do governo do Reino Unido e agências de inteligência ocidentais. Os EUA, com a participação de outras potências ocidentais, incluindo o Reino Unido, aproveitaram o diálogo emergente de Sukarnos com os soviéticos e depois os chineses como uma ameaça para a região. O ex-diretor da CIA William Colby comparou mais tarde suas próprias operações na Indonésia com o Programa Phoenix do Vietnã, realizado no Vietnã. Na verdade, alguns dos equipamentos, incluindo aeronaves militares, foram transferidos para esse programa. Colby adotou ainda a direção da CIA para se concentrar na compilação de listas de membros da PKI e outros grupos esquerdistas, Colby era na época o Chefe da Divisão de Extremo Oriente da CIA. Encobertos pelos medos e propaganda do período da Guerra Fria, os EUA mantiveram uma campanha aberta e uma campanha secreta para desestabilizar Sukarno. A nova ordem editada Em 1965, em circunstâncias altamente controversas e confusas envolvendo um suposto golpe militar, Sukarno, conhecido por seu apoio ao nacionalismo e à independência indonésios, foi deslocado por Suharto. Um general de exército com fortes visões anticomunistas. Suharto originalmente serviu nas forças de ocupação japonesas apoiou a força policial, depois ele entrou no Peta (Defensores da Pátria) e passou a treinar nas forças armadas indonésias lideradas pelo japonês do período de ocupação. No período pós-guerra acredita-se que ele caiu sob a influência dos EUA e patrocínio e com o seu apoio ele e seus apoiantes aumentaram em estatura e influência. Em setembro de 1965, seis generais do exército foram assassinados em uma aparente tentativa de golpe. Os seqüestros e assassinatos subseqüentes ocorreram em circunstâncias altamente suspeitas e as contas oficiais, um pouco confusas, foram consideradas altamente suspeitas. Um grupo de oficiais superiores, incluindo o comandante do exército, tenente-general Ahmad Yani, aparentemente estava cada vez mais em desacordo com uma aliança de oficiais de direita, incluindo Suharto. Os policiais assassinados apoiaram Sukarno e acomodaram a relação dos Presidentes com a PKI (Partido Comunista da Indonésia). Subandrio, ministro das Relações Exteriores de Sukarnos, segundo vice-primeiro-ministro e chefe de inteligência, de 1960 a 1966, infiltraram agentes em uma reunião secreta de generais de direita planejando a derrubada de Sukarno. Acredita-se que ele pode ter precipitado o levante, liberando informações sobre isso, mas os detalhes permanecem incertos. A insurreição foi relatada entre unidades no centro de Java, unidades da força aérea na base da força aérea de Halim e unidades das forças armadas que ocuparam a Praça Merdeka, uma seção estratégica da capital. Os chamados líderes do grupo de 30 de setembro alegaram que as forças presentes na praça Merdeka estavam a proteger a Presidência de um levante planejado em breve para ser orquestrada por um grupo de generais apoiados pela CIA dos EUA. O general Suharto teria subseqüentemente reprimido esta ação dentro das forças armadas em um único dia. Os oficiais de direita que posteriormente subiram ao poder condenaram os assassinatos dos altos oficiais do exército e alegaram que o levante envolvendo as unidades militares era o trabalho dos comunistas. À medida que mais documentação emerge dos arquivos ocidentais parece cada vez mais aparente que o evento foi palco conseguiu permitir Suharto uma oportunidade para posteriormente reivindicar a liderança. Nos estágios iniciais Suharto culpou os assassinatos em um grupo de PKI inspirado jovens, mulheres e elementos da Força Aérea. Os assassinatos foram mais tarde acusados ​​da PKI, dos comunistas e do movimento do 30 de Setembro, ironicamente o mesmo grupo que alegou ter se unido na tentativa de frustrar um golpe de direita. Suharto inicialmente afirmou apoiar o presidente Sukarno, mas depois assumiu o poder, afastando Sukarno, proclamando uma Nova Ordem (Orde Baru). Uma série de sangrentos anti-comunistas purgas foi então iniciado levando à morte de 500.000-2.000.000 pessoas (estimativas variam amplamente). Os governos ocidentais fecharam os olhos aos massacres e permaneceram substancialmente não declarados no Ocidente por um tempo considerável. Muitos historiadores desde então lançaram luz sobre o envolvimento dos serviços de inteligência dos EUA e, em menor grau, seus contatos mútuos na inteligência britânica, alemã e japonesa nas circunstâncias que levaram à tomada do poder por Suharto e as subseqüentes purgas assassinas. Suharto eo subseqüente Reformasi editar Quando as informações sobre os assassinatos generalizados foram finalmente libertadas, ela estava envolta em mistério. As agências de inteligência norte-americanas e a CIA foram mais tarde cúmplices em fornecer nomes e endereços dos membros da PKI ao exército indonésio, operários de Suharto e esquadrões de morte muçulmanos financiados pela CIA, que caçaram os esquerdistas e os assassinaram. Declassificados arquivos dos EUA desde então mostraram que o governo dos EUA estava dando ajuda secreta a Suharto e os esquadrões da morte para conduzir as purgas generalizada em toda a Indonésia. Após a ascensão de Suhartos ao poder, os interesses dos EUA na região foram garantidos e sua influência sobre o RI e os recursos das nações continuou no novo século. Sob Suharto de 1966 a 1997, a Indonésia gozava de estabilidade e crescimento econômico, mas a maior parte da riqueza estava concentrada nas mãos de um pequeno, corrupto, elitista e dissidente foi brutalmente esmagado. Durante a crise económica asiática de 1997, o valor da rupia indonésia despencou, reduzindo para metade o poder de compra dos indonésios comuns. Na revolta violenta que se seguiu, agora conhecida como Reformasi. Suharto foi derrubado e um regime mais democrático instalado. Post Reformasi 1998 editar A antiga colónia portuguesa de Timor-Leste foi anexada pela Indonésia em 1975, mas houve resistência armada a esta. Depois de décadas de governo indonésio, em 30 de agosto de 1999, um referendo provincial para a independência foi esmagadoramente aprovado pelo povo de Timor-Leste. Indonésia de má vontade, mas ainda surpreendentemente aceitou o resultado (embora as milícias ligadas ao exército saqueassem a capital Dili em protesto), e Timor Leste ganhou a sua independência em 2002. Mais um violento movimento secessionista ocorreu no devoutly estado islâmico de Aceh na ponta norte de Sumatra . Depois de décadas de insurgência e conversas abortadas, o impasse foi quebrado pelo tsunami de 2004. Que matou mais de 200.000 pessoas em Aceh. O governo indonésio e o Movimento Aceh Livre (Gerakan Aceh Merdeka. GAM) assinaram um acordo de paz no ano seguinte, com Aceh dando a sua luta pela independência em troca de uma autonomia especial, incluindo o direito de promulgar a lei Syariah (islâmica) Até à data a paz tem realizado. Em 2004, a Indonésia realizou a primeira eleição em que o povo elegeu diretamente o presidente e vice-presidente. O presidente da Indonésia pode atualmente servir um máximo de dois termos consecutivos de cinco anos. Atualmente, a Indonésia é uma das maiores democracias do mundo e está passando por um período de difíceis reformas e reinvenção após o Reformasi ea instituição de um governo democraticamente eleito. Para ajudar na transformação dos anos de controle centralizado sob o regime de Suharto, o papel do governo regional e provincial foi fortalecido e aprimorado. O processo eleitoral na Indonésia tem uma alta taxa de participação ea natureza e tecido da governança e da administração está mudando lentamente em toda a Indonésia. A mudança na nação desde a queda de Suharto também foi caracterizada por uma maior liberdade de expressão e uma redução maciça na censura política que era uma característica da era de Suhartos Nova Ordem. Há mais aberto debate político nos meios de comunicação, bem como no discurso geral, debate político e social. Editar Pessoas Apesar de 50 anos de promover Bhinneka Tunggal Ika (Unidade na Diversidade) como o lema oficial do Estado, o conceito de um indonésio permanece artificial e os cidadãos do país dividem-se ao longo de uma vasta gama de etnias, clãs, tribos e até mesmo castas. Se isso não bastasse, diferenças religiosas adicionar um ingrediente volátil para a mistura e as lacunas vastas na riqueza criar uma sociedade de classe também. Numa escala puramente numérica, os maiores grupos étnicos são os javaneses (45) do centro e do leste de Java. O Sundanese (14) de Java ocidental. O Madurese (7.5) da ilha de Madura. E Malaios Costeiros (7.5), principalmente de Sumatra. Isto deixa 26 para o Acehnese e Minangkabau de Sumatra. Os balineses. O Iban e Dayaks de Kalimantan. E uma confusão desconcertante de grupos em Nusa Tenggara e Papua 8212 o total oficial é nada menos do que 3000. Na maior parte, muitos povos Indonesias coexistem alegremente, mas os conflitos étnicos continuam a apodrecer em algumas áreas remotas do país. A política de transmigração (transmigrasi), iniciada pelos holandeses, mas continuada por Suharto, reinstalou javaneses, balineses e migrantes Madurese em partes menos cheias do arquipélago. Os novos colonos, vistos como privilegiados e insensíveis, eram freqüentemente ressentidos pela população indígena e, particularmente em Kalimantan e Papua. Levaram a conflitos por vezes violentos. Um grupo étnico particularmente notável encontrado em todo o país são os chineses indonésios. Conhecida como Tionghoa ou o Cina um tanto depreciativo. Em um estimado 6-7 milhão que compõem 3 da população e provavelmente constituem o maior grupo étnico chinês em qualquer país fora da China. Os chineses indonésios exercem uma influência desproporcional na economia, com um famoso estudo 8212 se desacreditado 8212 em empresas da Bolsa de Jakarta, concluindo que até 70 de suas empresas (e, por extensão, o país) eram controladas por chineses étnicos. Eles foram assim sujeitos a perseguição, com os chineses deslocados forçosamente para as áreas urbanas na década de 1960, obrigados a adotar nomes indonésios e proibições impostas ao ensino chinês e à exibição de personagens chineses. Os pogroms anti-chineses igualmente ocorreram, notàvelmente nas expurgas anticomunistas 1965-66 após o golpe de Suhartos e outra vez em 1998 após sua queda, quando mais de 1100 povos foram matados em motins em Yakarta e em outras cidades principais. No entanto, os governos pós-Reformasi derrubaram a maior parte da legislação discriminatória, ea escrita chinesa e festivais chineses fizeram um reaparecimento, com o Ano Novo Chinês ter sido declarado feriado em todo o país desde 2003. Enquanto a maioria dos chineses Java são monolingues em Indonésia, muitos dos chineses em Sumatra e Kalimantan continuam a falar vários dialetos chineses. Cultura Não há uma cultura unificada indonésia como tal, mas a cultura hindu do antigo império Majapahit fornece uma estrutura para muitas das tradições culturais encontradas através das ilhas centrais de Sumatra. Java. Bali e Lombok. Talvez as artes mais distintamente indonésias sejam as maréas das sombras, onde os recortes detalhadamente detalhados representam cenas do Mahabharata e Ramayana e outras histórias folclóricas populares, e seu acompanhamento a orquestra gamelan, cujos ritmos metálicos incrivelmente complexos são o cenário obrigatório das cerimônias religiosas E entretenimento tradicional. A Indonésia está culturalmente entrelaçada com os malaios. Com itens notáveis, como pano batik e punhais kris, ea cultura árabe também foi adotada em algum grau graças ao Islã. A cultura popular indonésia de hoje em dia é predominantemente dominada pelo maior grupo étnico, o javanesa. A proibição de Suhartos de importações ocidentais como rocknroll, enquanto há muito tempo revogada, levou ao desenvolvimento de formas indígenas de música como o dangdut. Uma forma sensual de pop desenvolvida na década de 1970, e os movimentos pélvicos televisionados da estrela Inul Daratista em 2003 eram quase tão controversos como já era o Elvis. Anggun Cipta Sasmi é um talentoso cantor indonésio que se tornou um cantor famoso na França. Seu single, La neige au sahara, tornou-se um grande sucesso nas paradas européias no verão de 1997. A maioria dos filmes indonésios são filmes B de baixo orçamento. Daun di Atas Bantal (1998) é uma exceção, ganhou o melhor prêmio de cinema no Asia Pacific Film Festival em Taipei, Taiwan (1998). The Raid, Redemption (indonésio: Serbuan maut), e também conhecido como The Raid foi lançado em 2011 no Toronto International Film Festival e tem distribuição internacional. Este filme de ação indonésio teve um orçamento de produção de 1,1 milhão. Ele foi escrito e dirigido por Gareth Evans (Reino Unido) e estrelado por Iko Uwais. Evans e Uwais lançaram seu primeiro filme de ação, Merantau em 2009. Ambos os filmes mostram a arte tradicional indonésia Pencak Silat. A literatura indonésia ainda não conseguiu avançar no cenário mundial, com os trabalhos de Pramoedya Ananta Toer, largamente proibidos em sua própria pátria, mas a era pós-Suharto viu um pequeno boom com Ayu Utami s Saman que quebra os tabus e as vendas Registros. Religião editar 80-88 da população da Indonésia afirmam que sua religião é o Islã (sunita), tornando-a numericamente de longe a maior religião do país e a Indonésia, o maior país de maioria muçulmana do mundo. No entanto, a Indonésia permanece oficialmente um Estado secular. Embora as ortodoxias religiosas variem em todo o arquipélago da Indonésia, a observância estrita dos códigos de vestimenta islâmicos aparentes em alguns países geralmente está ausente. Nas grandes cidades, os lenços de cabeça e as manifestações abertas de fé são exceções e não a regra. Em algumas áreas regionais e o estado devoto de Aceh, as coisas podem ser consideravelmente mais estritas. De fato, apesar de serem nominalmente muçulmanos, muitas histórias e costumes locais que são de origem hindu, budista ou animista são fielmente preservados por grande parte da população. As outras quatro religiões sancionadas pelo Estado são o Protestantismo (5), o Catolicismo Romano (3), o Hinduísmo (2) eo Budismo (1). Os hindus estão concentrados em Bali. Enquanto os cristãos são encontrados principalmente em partes do norte de Sumatra. Papua. Sulawesi do Norte. E East Nusa Tenggara. O budismo, por outro lado, é praticado principalmente pelos chineses étnicos nas grandes cidades. Há também bolsas de animismo em todo o país, e muitos muçulmanos estritos criticam a incorporação indonésia casual de ritos animistas nas práticas de crentes nacionalmente islâmicos. A lei nacional indonésia decreta que todos os cidadãos da República devem declarar sua religião e que a religião declarada deve ser uma das cinco que são oficialmente sancionadas pelo Estado, mas, após a reforma, o confucionismo agora é reconhecido (antigamente foi aglomerado com o Budismo, o Protestantismo E catolicismo romano), infelizmente não para o Islam Ahmadiyya e o Islã xiita. Isto resulta em distorções óbvias. Por exemplo, muitos praticantes de animismo chamam-se teoricamente muçulmanos ou cristãos para o benefício da burocracia estatal e muitos muçulmanos nas áreas rurais também têm seu modo de vida tradicional, que influencia grandemente sua prática do Islã. Feriados Editar As datas exatas dependem de observações astronômicas locais e variam de um país para outro. O Ramadã termina com a extensão do festival Eid ul-Fitr durante vários dias. A Indonésia multicultural celebra uma vasta gama de feriados religiosos e festivais, mas muitos são limitados a pequenas áreas (por exemplo, os festivais hindus de Bali). O seguinte abrange feriados públicos aplicados em todo o país, independentemente da sua crença. A estação mais significativa do ano é o mês de jejum muçulmano de Ramadhan. Durante seus 30 dias, muçulmanos devotos se abstêm de passar qualquer coisa através de seus lábios (comida, bebida, fumaça) entre o nascer eo pôr-do-sol. As pessoas levantam-se cedo para se encherem antes do nascer do sol (sahur), vão trabalhar tarde e decolam cedo para chegar em casa a tempo de quebrar rapidamente (buka puasa) ao pôr do sol. Não-muçulmanos, bem como muçulmanos que viajam (musafir), estão isentos de jejum, mas é educado para se abster de comer ou beber em público. Muitos restaurantes fecham durante o dia e aqueles que ficam abertos (por exemplo, restaurantes do hotel) mantêm um perfil baixo, com cortinas cobrindo as janelas. Durante o Ramadã, todas as formas de vida noturna, incluindo bares, discotecas, karaoke e salas de massagem perto da meia-noite, e (especialmente em áreas mais devotas), alguns optam por ficar completamente fechados. Viajantes de negócios vão notar que as coisas se movem em um ritmo ainda mais glacial do que o habitual e, especialmente no final do mês, muitas pessoas vão ter licença. O clímax no final do mês são os dois dias de Idul Fitri (também conhecido como Lebaran), quando praticamente todo o país leva uma semana ou duas para voltar para casa para visitar a família em um ritual conhecido localmente como mudik. Que significa ir para casa. Esta é a única época do ano em que Jacarta não tem engarrafamentos, mas o resto do país faz, com todas as formas de transporte embaladas para as brânquias. Todos os escritórios do governo (incluindo embaixadas) e muitas empresas fechar por uma semana ou até dois, e viajar em torno da Indonésia é melhor evitar, se possível. Outros feriados muçulmanos incluem Idul Adha (o dia do sacrifício), Isra Miraj Muhammad SAW. Hijra (Ano Novo Islâmico) e Maulid Muhammad SAW. Feriados cristãos incluem Natal. Dia de Ascensão . Boa sexta-feira . Enquanto o Ano novo hindu de Nyepi (março-abril) leva Bali a uma paralisação e os budistas recebem um dia de folga para Imlek (Ano Novo Chinês) em janeiro-fevereiro e Waisak (aniversário dos Budas), comemorados com procissões em torno de Borobudur. Feriados não religiosos incluem Ano Novo (1 de janeiro) e Dia da Independência (17 de agosto). As datas de muitos feriados são ajustadas de acordo com vários calendários lunares e as datas mudam assim de um ano para outro. O Ministério do Trabalho pode alterar a data oficial de feriados se eles estão perto do fim de semana. Há um outro dia oficial de folga para os trabalhadores, chamado cuti bersama (tirar dias juntos), que é algum dia perto do Idul Fitri feriados. Clima Após a chegada e desembarque do avião, você vai notar imediatamente a repentina corrida de ar quente e molhado. A Indonésia é um lugar quente. Não tem primavera, verão, outono ou inverno, apenas duas temporadas: chuvosa e seca. Ambos os quais são relativos (ainda chove durante a estação seca, apenas chove menos). Embora exista uma variação regional significativa, na maior parte do país (incluindo Java e Bali) a estação seca é abril a outubro, enquanto a estação chuvosa é de novembro a março. Nas regiões montanhosas, as temperaturas serão naturalmente mais frias, e há até picos nevados em Papua. Cujas montanhas podem subir acima de 5000m. Traga uma jaqueta se planeja visitar, por exemplo, Mount Bromo em Java ou Tana Toraja em Sulawesi. Time edit Como o país é muito grande, a Indonésia é dividida em três fusos horários: GMT 7. Hora ocidental da Indonésia (WIB, Waktu Indonésia Barat) GMT 8. Tempo Central Indonésio (WITA, Waktu Indonésia Tengah) GMT 9. Tempo Indonésio Oriental (WIT, Waktu Indonesia Timur) Regiões editar A nação da Indonésia é quase inimaginável: mais de 17 000 ilhas que fornecem 108 mil quilômetros de praias. A distância entre Aceh no Oeste e Papua no Oriente é de mais de 4.000 km (2500 milhas), comparável à distância entre Nova York e San Francisco. Colocando na borda ocidental do Anel de fogo, a Indonésia tem mais de 400 vulcões, dos quais 130 são considerados ativos, bem como muitos vulcões submarinos. A ilha da Nova Guiné (na qual a província indonésia de Papua está localizada) é a segunda maior ilha do mundo. As províncias são geralmente agrupadas em torno de ilhas maiores e incluem pequenas ilhas circundantes. A lista abaixo segue esta prática, exceto com Bali, que é tratada como uma região separada em Wikitravel. Regiões da Indonésia Papua (Irian Jaya) A metade ocidental da ilha da Nova Guiné, com montanhas, florestas, pântanos, um deserto quase impenetrável em um dos lugares mais remotos da terra. As cidades editam a visita de Banda Aceh Museu do tsunami ea mesquita grande de Baiturrahman, a mesquita que sobreviveu do terremoto e do tsunami em 2004. As senhoras visitantes devem usar um véu Medan visitam o Maimun de Istana (palácio de Maimoon) no meio-dia para ver o interior do palácio. Você pode encontrar porco por aqui, o nome que eles costumam usar é Babi Panggang Karo Padang famosa por Jam Gadang Pekanbaru Jambi Palembang uma metrópole movimentada no sul de Sumatra ea cidade mais antiga do país com rica herança cultural. Tanjung Pandan Pangkal Pinang Banten Jakarta the perennially congested capital which is also the largest city of the country Bandung university town in the cooler highlands of Java Yogyakarta Java s cultural hub and the access point to the mighty temples of Prambanan and Borobudur Surabaya Malang Banjarmasin the largest town on with a rich architectural heritage Manado Christian city at the northeastern tip of Sulawesi. famous for diving Medan the main city of Sumatra Semarang the capital of Central Java, with a blend of Javanese, Chinese, and Dutch influences Makassar (Ujung Pandang) the gateway to Sulawesi Jayapura the capital of Papua and a gateway to the highlands Kalimantan -, Kalimantan Barat:Gawai Naik Dango Other destinations edit there be dragons This is a limited selection of nine of Indonesias top sights outside of its cities: Baliem Valley - superb trekking into the lands of the Lani, Dani and Yali tribes in remote Papua Borobudur - one of the largest Buddhist temples in the world located in Central Java province often combined with a visit to the equally impressive Hindu ruins at nearby Prambanan Bromo-Tengger-Semeru National Park - some of the scariest volcanic scenery on the planet and one of the best locations in the world to see sunrise Bunaken - one of the best scuba diving destinations in Indonesia, if not the world Kerinci Seblat National Park - tigers, elephants, monstrous r afflesia flowers and so much more in this huge expanse of forest in Sumatra Komodo National Park - home of the Komodo dragon and a hugely important marine ecosystem Lake Toba - the largest volcanic lake in the world Lombok - popular island to east of Bali with the tiny laid-back Gili Islands. mighty Mount Rinjani and much more Tana Toraja - highland area of Southern Sulawesi famed for extraordinary funeral rites Get in edit Immigration on board On some Garuda Indonesia flights, immigration entry procedures are conducted during the flight, which saves passengers from the need to queue to clear passport control upon arrival at the airport. More information is available on the Garuda Indonesia website. Immigration on board is currently available on the following Garuda Indonesia international flights: Pudong International Airport (PVG), Shanghai Soekarno-Hatta International Airport (CGK), Jakarta Incheon International Airport (ICN) Seoul Soekarno-Hatta International Airport (CGK), Jakarta Sydney International Airport (SYD), Sydney Soekarno-Hatta International Airport (CGK), Jakarta Sydney International Airport (SYD), Sydney Ngurah Rai International Airport (DPS), Denpasar Narita International Airport (NRT), Tokyo Soekarno-Hatta International Airport (CGK), Jakarta Narita International Airport (NRT), Tokyo Ngurah Rai International Airport (DPS), Denpasar Kansai International Airport (KIX), Osaka - Ngurah Rai International Airport (DPS), Denpasar Dealing with Imigrasi serves as a useful introduction to the Byzantine complexity of Indonesias bureaucracy. The long and short of it, though, is that most Western travellers can get a visa on arrival for USD35 at virtually all common points of entry (Java, Bali, etc), so read on only if you suspect that you dont fit this description. There are three ways of entering Indonesia: Visa waiver (non-extendable) . Show your passport, get stamped, thats it. Applies to citizens of 169 countries. Visa on arrival (extendable) . Pay 35 USD on arrival, get a visa in your passport and get it stamped. Visa in advance . Obtain a visa at an Indonesian embassy before arrival. A minimum of 6 months validity must be available in your passport and it must contain at least one or more blank pages. This same rule applies to any visa extension that may be sought whilst in the country. One peculiarity to note is that visa-free and visa-on-arrival visitors must enter Indonesia via specific ports of entry . Entry via other ports of entry will require a visa regardless of whether you are a visa-free or visa-on-arrival national or otherwise. Also note that the days a visa holder is within Indonesia are counted with the day of entry being day 1, not day 0. This means that by 24:00 (twelve midnight) on the night of the day of arrival you have been in Indonesia for one day. If you enter at 23:59 (11:59pm) then 2 minutes later you have been in Indonesia for 2 days. Immigration officials may claim that a 30-day visa-on-arrival means that you must leave before 30-days (ie on the 29th day or before). Be careful about this. Customs in Indonesia is usually quite laid-back. Youre allowed to bring in one litre of alcohol, 200 cigarettes or 50 cigars or 100g of tobacco products, and a reasonable quantity of perfume. Amounts of money carried in excess of 100 million rupiah, or the equivalent in other currencies, have to be declared upon arrival or departure. In addition to the obvious drugs and guns, importing pornography and fruit, plants, meat or fish is (technically) prohibited. Indonesia imposes the death penalty on those caught bringing in drugs. Indonesia Immigration maintains its own website. The Indonesian Embassy in Singapore (KBRI Singapore) also has some good information on Customs and Immigration requirements. Visa edit Visa waiver edit Indonesia allows visa free entry to the citizens of 169 countries as of July 2016. The nationals of these countries who are going on holiday, attending conventions or engaging in similar such activities are allowed to stay in Indonesia of up to 30 days without a visa. This type of visa cannot be extended, transferred or converted to any other kind of visa nor can it be used as a working permit. Those visitors eligible under the visa waiver program have a visa issued at the Indonesian border checkpoints with that issuance subject to the discretion of the visa officer. The visa is not for employment and is not extendable. The citizens of the following countries are eligible: Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia amp Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei Darussalam, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Canada, Cape Verde, Chad, Chile, China, Comoros, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominica (Commonwealth), Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Estonia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, India, Ireland, Italy, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Lao, Peoples Democratic Republic, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxemburg, Macao, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Norway, Oman, Palau, Palestine, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Qatar, Romania, Russian Federation, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor Leste, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Vatican City State, Venezuela, Vietnam, Zambia, Zimbabwe 1. These visas cannot be extended or converted to another type of visa. Visa-free entries are only permitted via the following ports of entry: Airports: Aceh, Maimun Saleh Airport (SBG) Aceh, Sultan Iskandar Muda International Airport (BTJ) Bali, Ngurah Rai International Airport (DPS) Bangka-Belitung, H. A.S. Hanandjoeddin Airport (TJQ) Batam, Hang Nadim International Airport (BTH) Java, Bandung, Husein Sastranegara International Airport (BDA) Java, Jakarta, Halim Perdana Kusuma International Airport (HLP) Java, Jakarta, Soekarno-Hatta International Airport (CGK) Java, Semarang, Ahmad Yani International Airport (SRG) Java, Solo, Adi Sumarmo International Airport (SOC) Java, Surabaya, Juanda International Airport (SUB) Java, Yogyakarta, Adi Sucipto International Airport (JOG) Kalimantan (East), Balikpapan, Sultan Aji Muhammad Sulaiman Airport (BPN) Kalimantan (North), Tarakan, Juwata International Airport (TRK) Kalimantan (West), Pontianak, Supadio International Airport (PNK) Kupang, El Tari International Airport (KOE) Lombok, Lombok Praya International Airport (LOP) Maluku, Ambon, Pattimura Airport (AMQ) Papua, Biak, Frans Kaisiepo International Airport (BIK) Papua, Merauke, Mopah Airport (MKQ) Papua, Timika, Mozes Kilangin Airport (TIM) Riau, Pekanbaru, Sultan Syarif Kasim II International Airport (PKU) Sulawesi (North), Manado, Sam Ratulangi International Airport (MDC) Sulawesi (South), Makassar, Hasanuddin International Airport (UPG) Sumatra (North), Kualanamu International Airport (KNO) Sumatra (North), Medan, Polonia International Airport (MES) Sumatra (North), Sibolga, Dr. Ferdinand Lumban Tobing (Pinangsori) Airport (FLZ) Sumatra (South), Palembang, Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II International Airport (PLM) Sumatra (West), Padang, Minangkabau International Airport (PDG). Seaports: Achmad Yani, Ternate Amamapare, Tembagapura Anggrek, Gorontalo Bandar Bentan Telani Lagoi, Tanjung Uban Bandar Sri Setia Raja, Bengkalis Bandar Seri Udana Lobam, Tanjung Uban Batam Centre, Batam Batu Ampar, Batam Bagan Siapi-Api, BaganSiapi-Api Belawan, Belawan Benete, Sumbawa Besar Belakang Padang, Belakang Padang Biak, Biak Boom Baru, Palembang Celukan Bawang, Singaraja Citra Tri Tunas, Batam Ciwandan, Cilegon Dumai, Dumai DwiKora, Pontianak Gunung Sitoli, Sibolga Jambi, Jambi Jayapura, Jayapura Kabil, Batam Kendari, Kendari Kota Baru, Kota Baru Kuala Enok, Tembilahan Kuala Langsa, Aceh Kuala Tungkal, Jambi Kuala Tanjung, Tanjung Balai Asahan Lauren Say, Maumere Lembar, Mataram Lhokseumawe, Lhokseumawe Malahayati, Aceh Malundung, Tarakan Manado, Manado Marina Teluk Senimba, Batam Marore, Tahuna Miangas, Tahuna Merauke, Merauke Nongsa Terminal Bahari, Batam Nusantara Pare-Pare, Pare-Pare Nusantara, Tahuna Padang Bai, Bali Panarukan, Panarukan Pangkal Balam, Pangkal Pinang Pa njang, Bandar Lampung Pantoloan, Palu Pasuruan, Pasuruan Pemangkat, Sambas Probolinggo, Probolinggo Pulau Baai, Bengkulu Sabang, Aceh Samarinda, Samarinda Sampit, Sampit Samudera, Bitung Sekupang, Batam SelatLampa, Ranai Semayang, Balikpapan Siak Sri Indrapura, Siak Sibolga, Sibolga Sintete, Sambas Soekarno-Hatta, Makassar Sorong, Sorong Sri Bayintan, Tanjung Pinang Sri Bintan Pura, Tanjung Pinang Sungai Guntung, Tembilahan Tanjung Benoa, Denpasar Tanjung Balai Karimun, Tanjung Balai Karimun Tanjung Emas, Semarang Tanjung Gudang, Pangkal Pinang Tanjung Harapan, SelatPanjang Tanjung Intan, Cilacap Tanjung Kelian, Pangkal Pinang Tanjung Lontar, Kupang Tanjung Pandan, Bangka Belitung Tanjung Perak, Surabaya Tanjung Priok, DKI Jakarta Tanjung Uban, Tanjung Uban Tanjung Wangi, Jember Tarempa, Tarempa Teluk Bayur, Padang Teluk Nibung, Tanjung Balai Asahan Tembilahan, Tembilahan Tri Sakti, Banjarmasin Tual, Tual Tunon Taka, Nunukan Yos Sudarso, Ambon Yos Sudarso, Cirebon. Land crossing: Aruk, Sambas Entikong, Entikong Metamauk, Atambua Motaain, Atambua Nanga Badau, Sanggau Napan, Atambua Skouw, Jayapura. Visa on arrival edit All visitors entering Indonesia by way of visa-on-arrival must have a return to point of origin, or onward destination ticket on their person when passing through immigration into the country (E-tickets are acceptable), or be able to present sufficient evidence of the means to obtain one to an Immigration official. This is often checked, and visitors who are unable to fulfil this requirement may be denied entry. Transit visas are available from Indonesian embassies and consulates and may be provided at the border under some (limited) circumstances. Often airlines carrying passengers to Indonesia may decline boarding for a departure to an Indonesian entry point if this cannot be provided. Visa-on-arrival are only available at the following entry points: Airports: . Sultan Iskandar Muda, in Banda Aceh, (Aceh), Kualanamu International Airport in Medan, (North Sumatra), Sultan Sharif Kasim II, Pekanbaru, (Riau), Hang Nadim, in Batam, (Riau Islands), Minangkabau, in Padang, (West Sumatra), Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II, in Palembang, (South Sumatra), Soekarno-Hatta, Jakarta, (DKI Jakarta), Halim Perdana Kusuma, in Jakarta, (DKI Jakarta), Husein Sastranegara, in Bandung, (West Java), Adi Sucipto, in Yogyakarta, (Yogyakarta Special Region), Ahmad Yani, in Semarang, (Central Java), Adisumarmo, in Surakarta, (Central Java), Juanda in Surabaya, (East Java), Supadio, in Pontianak, (West Kalimantan), Sepinggan in Balikpapan, (East Kalimantan), Sam Ratulangi, in Manado, (North Sulawesi), Hasanuddin, in Makassar, (South Sulawesi), Ngurah Rai in Denpasar, (Bali), Lombok International Airport, Praya-Mataram, Lombok, (West Nusa Tenggara), El Tari, in Kupang, (East Nusa Tenggara). Seaports: Bandar Bentan Telani Lagoi (Bintan, Riau Islands), Bandar Seri Udana Lobam (Bintan, Riau Islands), Batu Ampar (Batam, Riau Islands), Belawan (Medan, North Sumatra), Benoa (Bali), Bitung (Manado, North Sulawesi), Jayapura (Papua), Marina Teluk Senimba (Batam, Riau Islands), Maumere (Flores, East Nusa Tenggara), Nongsa (Batam, Riau Islands), Padang Bai (Bali), Pare-Pare (South Sulawesi), Sekupang (Batam, Riau Islands), Sibolga (North Sumatra), Soekarno Hatta (Makassar, South Sulawesi), Sri Bintan Pura (Tanjung Pinang, Bintan, Riau Islands), Tanjung Balai Karimun (Karimun, Riau Islands), Tanjung Mas (Semarang, Central Java), Tanjung Priok (Jakarta), Teluk Bayur (Padang, West Sumatra), Batam Centre (Batam, Riau Islands), Tenau (Kupang, West Timor) and Yos Sudarso (Dumai, Riau). Land crossing: the Malaysia-Indonesia border crossing at Entikong (West Kalimantan-Sarawak). Visa on arrival fees: A visa on arrival is issued for a stay of up to 30 days, the cost is USD35, but can be paid in all major currencies. In general, the VOA is extendable once for an additional 30 days. This can be done in an immigration office inside Indonesia for an officially published fee of IDR250,000, it is recommended to do this ten days prior the visa expiration date. No other currency is accepted at the immigration office. the fee is IDR250,000 paid in cash. Extending the VOA can be a complicated arduous process and allow yourself a few trips to the immigration office before your application is admitted for processing. The processing period takes 3 working days. Your application will consist of several documents including Photocopy of your passport, original visa-on-arrival and your passport itself Payment in Cash Letter from the hotel or host your are staying with confirming you are a paying guest or an invited guest if staying with a friend. This letter must be in Bahasa and signed by an Indonesian national along with a photocopy of their Kita (National Indonesian ID card) This person will also be your Indonesian sponsor on your application form, they will have to give their address email and phone number. Plane or boat ticket out of Indonesia within the 30 days of the extension period. Credit cards, Visa and MasterCard, maybe accepted in Jakarta and Bali, but dont count on this service being available there, it is not normally available elsewhere. Note that some entry points, mainly at land or sea entry points, issue non-extendable VOA (ports in the Riau Archipelago being notable examples). How to get visa on arrival: At the above airportsseaports, the following procedure should be followed to get your VoA (Visa on Arrival). Before arriving, fill in the arrivaldeparture card provided to you. This card will be your visa application form. When you arrive, go to the bank counter and pay the required amount for your visa. You will be issued a bar-coded receipt. Take the receipt to the Visa on Arrival counter where your arrivaldeparture card, passport and receipt will be recorded by the officer. A visa sticker will be issued and stuck in your passport. Proceed to the immigration counter for your passport to be stamped. As always, there may be variations to this layout, especially at the smaller points of entry. Bank and visa counters may be placed together. Anyhow, your visa must be applied for before you reach the immigration counter. Upon arriving, the arrival card will be detached from the departure card by the immigration officer, and you will have to keep the latter until you depart from the country to avoid any troubles later on. Make sure that the departure card is stamped with the correct number of days of your stay. Visa before arrival edit Nationals of countries not listed above are required to apply for visas through the nearest Indonesian Embassy or consulate. Single-entry visas are valid for 60 days and fairly routine if pricey at USD50-100 depending on the individual country and prevailing exchange rates. Multiple entry visas are also available but, as the issuance policy varies in different embassies and is occasionally changed, it is best to inquire at your nations embassy well in advance of departure. Normally, Indonesian embassies and consulates stipulate 3-4 clear working days for processing however, applications may take at least one week to be processed. The citizens of 15 countries need to obtain an approval from the immigration services head office, the Direktorat Jenderal Imigrasi in Jakarta. The 17 countries are: Afghanistan. Israel. Albania. North Korea. Angola. Nigéria. Paquistão. Cameroon. Somalia. Cuba. Ethiopia. Tanzania. Ghana. Tonga. Iraq. Those affected must have a sponsor in Indonesia, either personal or company. The sponsor must go in person to the Immigration Head Office in South Jakarta (Jakarta Selatan) and must produce a photocopy of applicants passport, a supporting letter and the applicants photograph. When it is approved, the Immigration Head Office will send a copy of approval letter to the applicant. By plane edit Beware the departure tax Travellers departing on international flights have to pay a Passenger Service Charge ( departure tax ) in Rupiah . so be sure to stash away enough to pay it. The amount varies by airport, but can be as much as IDR200,000 (approximately USD 17) in the airports in Bali (DPS) or Jakarta (CGK). Starting Sep 2012, the airport tax in Indonesia will to be included in ticket price for Garuda airlines flights. Other airlines may decide to follow the lead of Garuda but it should be understood this is an initiative of the individual airlines rather than a broadly mandated change of policy by either the individual airport operators or the Indonesian department of transport. Update . Since 1 October 2014 Garuda Indonesia has officially separated airport tax in the price of its tickets. In the two years since the inclusion of airport tax in its ticket, the carrier had claimed to have lost IDR2.2 billion each month since the inclusion of airport tax had created a perception that the airlines ticket price is relatively more expensive compared to its competitors. Update 160: Effective from 1 March 2015, Passenger Service Charge already included on ticket on All airlines in Indonesia. The three main international airports are Soekarno-Hatta (CGK) at Tangerang, Banten, near Jakarta. Ngurah Rai (DPS) at Denpasar. Bali and Juanda (SUB) at Surabaya. East Java. There are however many cities which have air links with Singapore and Malaysia which can be interesting and convenient entry points into Indonesia. Garuda Indonesia 2. the Indonesian flag airline operates to Asian destinations including China. Taiwan. Japan and Korea. Australian cities, Middle Eastern destinations such Saudi Arabia and Dubai in the UAE and has recommenced services to Amsterdam in the Netherlands. The airline also has extensive code sharing agreements and this assists in providing quite good flight frequencies from airports in countries nearby to Indonesia. While its fleet still has some tatty aircraft, its safety record has improved dramatically. Improvements include a significant fleet upgrade programme utilizing 55 newer Boeing 737-800NG series and 14 Airbus A330 aircraft for higher capacity routes with further of both those types on order. They also have new Boeing 777-300ER series aircraft on order. While banned from the EU for a while, the ban was lifted in 2009 and they have made direct flights to Europe via Dubai in middle east since third quarter of 2010. Garuda Indonesia has outlined various plans to commence flights to major world hubs such as London. Frankfurt. Paris. Rome. Moscow and Los Angeles using the new Boeing 777 in 2015. Garuda has previously operated to several of these destinations. Travel to Indonesia from America costs around USD1,000. As travel from most of Europe or anywhere in the USA will take over 20h, many flights stop in Hong Kong. Seoul. Taipei or Singapore before arriving in Jakarta. Sydney, though, is just 6-8h away. The cost of flying to Indonesia from within the Southeast Asia and Pacific region has gone down a lot with the advent of low cost carriers or LCC. A similar and important development has been the offering of reasonably priced one-way fares departing Indonesia and the development of online booking and payment systems. The acceptance of non-Indonesian issued credit cards by the online booking systems of Garuda and Lion air only occurred as recently as the beginning of 2011. Among the LCC carriers providing services to Indonesia are AirAsia. which has excellent coverage of Indonesia from its hubs in Kuala Lumpur and Jakarta ( Indonesia Air Asia ), as well as Singaporean competitors Tiger AirwaysTiger Mandala. Jetstar AsiaValuair and SilkAir. SilkAir is actually a full-service, full-fare regional airline, but they often have very good promotions if you book in advance. Indonesian carrier LionAir 3 provides flights international flights between Kuala Lumpur-Jakarta and Kuala Lumpur-Surabaya, Penang and Medan and between Hi Chi Minh City, Singapore and Jakarta, and is often the cheapest option (cheaper than AirAsia and others). Australia and New Zealand are also serviced by LCC airlines including Jetstar 4 sharing the Jetstar Asia network, Virgin Australia 5. Indonesia AIr Asia 6. It is worthy of note that Lion Air has engaged in a massive fleet upgrade program buying a large number of Boeing 737-900ER series and ATR72-500 series turbo props. The steady replacement of their previously rather clunky old fleet of very well used Boeing and MD aircraft is revitalising Indonesias 2nd largest carrier. Lion air currently operate 62 new 737-900ERs with 133 more 737-900ERs, 7 of the 737-800NG series and 201 Boeing 737 MAX 9 on order. Lion Air have announced plans to position themselves as a major regional airline when sufficient aircraft are delivered. The only Medium service airline in Indonesia, Sriwijaya Air7 also had some limited regional routes from Penang to Medan and Dili to Denpasar. They also had some flights to Ipoh, Kuala Terengganu(from Medan), Chongqing, Ningbo, Nanjing, Chengdu, Wuhan and Wenzhou(from Denpasar) but only as seasonal charter flight(but some routes to China reported to be regularly operating soon). They also ever flying to Singapore from Jakarta, unfortunately they ceased this route from 2013. Even their aircraft is quite old(737-300,400,500), but their aircrafts seems to be good maintained and there is no any notable incident in last 5 years. Recently Sriwijaya Air also adds some newer 737-800NG and 737-900ER to fleet to replace their ageing 737-300 and 737-400. By boat edit Ferries connect Indonesia with Singapore and Malaysia. Most connections are between ports in Sumatra (mostly in Riau and Riau Islands provinces) and those in Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. although there is also a ferry service between Malaysias Sabah state with East Kalimantan on Borneo. Onward boat connections to Jakarta and other Indonesian islands are available from these ports. See the pages for each city for more details. Frequent ferries tofrom the various ports of Batam (Sekupang, Batu Ampar, Nongsa, Marina Teluk Senimba and Batam Centre). Frequent ferries to Tanjung Pinang and Bandar Bintan Telani Lagoi (Bintan Resorts ) on Bintan . Several ferries daily tofrom Tanjung Balai in Karimun Island. One daily ferry, increasing to two during weekends, tofrom Tanjung Batu in Kundur Island. From Peninsular Malaysia From Sabah, Malaysia Visa-freevisa-on-arrival is available at all ports above except those tagged with , which require a visa in advance, though there may be exceptions for visa-free visitors. By land edit From East Timor: The main crossing is at Motaain between Batugade in East Timor and Atambua, West Timor. From Malaysia: The only formal way to enter by land from Malaysia is at the Entikong-Tebedu crossing between West Kalimantan and Sarawak. Malaysia on Borneo. The crossing in on the main route between Kuching. (Sarawak ) and Pontianak, the capital of (West Kalimantan ). As the crossing is listed only as a visa-free entry point, nationalities who do not qualify for this will have to apply for visas beforehand. From Papua New Guinea: The only recognized crossing into Indonesia is at Wutung . between Vanimo in Sandaun Province in Papua New Guinea. and Jayapura. the capital of Indonesian Papua. Its not guaranteed that you will be able to enter Indonesia through these crossings and non-Indonesians are required to apply for visas at the nearest Indonesian Embassy or Consulate. Get around edit By plane edit Domestic airport tax Airport tax (service charge) is paid in cash on check-in. Charges vary by airport, but IDR25,000-40,000 for domestic flights is typical. From 1 March 2015, Airport taxes already included on ticket. Merpati Airlines ceased to operate As of May 2014, the budget airline has suspended all operations due to financial issues. Mandala Airlines ceased to operate As of July 2014, the budget airline has suspended all operations due to financial issues. The only rapid means of long-distance travel within Indonesia is the plane. The largest domestic carriers are state-owned Garuda 8 and private competitor Lion Air 9. and Sriwijaya Air 10 but in recent years a host of low-cost competitors have sprung up, including Indonesia Air Asia 11. Garudas low-cost subsidiary Citilink 12 and many more. Routes for less popular destinations and routes (particularly in eastern Indonesia) are served by AirFast 13. Sriwijaya Air 14 and more, often flying smaller planes. If you really get off the beaten track, eg. settlements in Papua. there are no scheduled services at all and youll need to charter a plane or hitch rides with missionaries. Previously also served by Merpati Nusantara, but this airline ceased its operation in 2014. Many carriers have poor on-time records and frequent cancellations, and the safety record of the smaller companies is dubious, with Adam Air, Lion Air and Mandala suffering fatal crashes in recent years. A majority of the aircraft are planes from the 1970s and 1980s, which have been flown by many previous operators and may be poorly maintained. A select a few carriers, such as Garuda, Lion Air, and Mandala among others, have recently bought brand new planes straight from an aircraft manufacturer which have replaced some of the older planes in their fleet. Still, compared to the carnage on Indonesias roads, a flight even on an aging turboprop is probably far safer 8212 and far more comfortable 8212 than travelling the same distance by bus. Garuda and Air Asia are run to international standards and are considered the safest options. Indonesia AirAsia, however, is not as cheap (except their regular promotional prices) on Indonesian domestic flights as their local competitors, and Garuda is usually quite expensive. Fortunately after new regulation is introduced, Aircraft incidents and accidents rate in Indonesia seems to be decreasing and almost no any major fatal incident involving large planes since 2008. Prices are low by international standards, with more or less any domestic return flight available for under US100 even on short notice, and fares for a fraction of that if you plan ahead. Many airlines, such as Sriwijaya Air and Lion Air, tend to decrease their price on the last week before flight, if the plane is not full enough - so you may try that and get cheaper fare, if youre not on tight schedule and do not need to go during public holidays or weekends. The hardest part (but not as hard as it was just a couple of years ago) is often finding what carriers serve what route and making a booking online - while all major airlines, as of 2012, finally feature online booking service, sometimes (always for Merpati) they do not accept foreign credit cards. Plus, many flight search engines aggregators do not know many (often all except Garuda and AirAsia) local airlines - to check if they do, try to search for e. g. Jakarta-Denpasar (the busiest route) flight and see how many of the airlines mentioned above will be found. When travelling off the beaten track, its imperative to reconfirm early and often, as frequencies are low and paid-up, occasionally even checked-in passengers are bumped off with depressing regularity if a VIP happens to show up. Make sure you arrive at the airport at least 2 hours before the departure time. Of late there has been considerable improvement in the safety standards and recently Garuda Indonesia has been allowed to fly into Europe. Lion Air has reportedly inducted 178 new 737 900 ER planes which now service not only domestic but also international routes. Unfortunately if youre looking at its reliability, Lion Air had a very poor On Time Performance compared with other airlines in Indonesia. Moreover in February 2015, Lion Air also had a massive delay with almost all flights delayed for more than 6 hours or even cancelled. Garuda has also changed its livery and added new aircrafts. Adam Air and few other companies have been closed and their licences withdrawn. With entry of low cost carriers like Indonesia Air Asia the cost of travel has further reduced. Another airline that should be considered to fly with is Sriwijaya Air as there is (almost) no any notable incident invloving this airline, and ocassionaly they offer cheaper prices but with better services than other LCCs. By boat edit PELNI route map Indonesia is all islands and little infrastructure so akin to the Philippines. ferries have long been the most popular means of inter-island travel. Unlike Philippines, Indonesia rarely suffers from typhoons, but does have some intense storms or dry spells. While short runs may be run by various companies, the largest company (state run) is PELNI . whose giant ferries visit practically every inhabited island in Indonesia on lengthy journeys that can take two weeks from beginning to end. In addition to Pelni s slow boats, ASDP runs fast ferries ( Kapal Ferry Cepat . rather amusingly abbreviated KFC ) on a number of popular routes. Both PELNI and ASDP tickets can be booked via travel agents. Last but not least, there are also countless services running short island-to-island hops, including Merak - Bakauheni (hourly) from Java to Sumatra, Ketapang - Gilimanuk (every 15min) between Java and Bali and Padangbai - Lembar (near-hourly) between Bali and Lombok, as well as in between the Riau Islands. Besides such ferries, there are also tours that organize their own boats, such as Perama Tours, or modern hulking cruise ships from Singapore or Australia that dock in places such as Bali. In general, schedules are notional, creature comforts sparse and safety records poor. Try to check out what, if any, safety devices are on board and consider postponing your trip if the weather looks bad. For extended trips this may be impossible to judge, for safety reasons breaking up into shorter trips may be preferable. Maintenance can be poor and overloading is common, sinkings are all too common on ferries run by smaller companies, so try to stick to the larger ones if possible. Basic food on ferries can be bought beforehand by numerous vendors where people queue to board, especially the ubiquitous nasi bunkus . often wrapped in leaves to protect and prevent delay spoilage. Onboard ferries, especially for longer journeys, there is often a food stall where food can be purchased. However, do not expect gourmet as hygiene and freshness may not be taken seriously. In general Indonesians do not take to travel well, seasickness especially among children may occur, journey times can stretch well beyond the schedule. If its a 12 hour or more trip, make sure you bring along enough to tide you over even if the engine stalls and you end up drifting for an extra day. Oddly it may be very hot and stuffy on board or on deck, but as Indonesia is vast, strong winds with a bit of a wind chill sakit angin are also possible depending on exact routes and weather conditions. You may get hassled by people onboard trying to extract extra money under some dubious excuse. Feel free to ignore them, although on the upside, it may be possible to bribe your way to a better class of accommodation. By train edit PT Kereta Api runs trains across most of Java and some parts of Sumatra. The network was originally built by the Dutch and few new lines have been built since independence. Double-tracking of the most congested lines has been done, though, and is still ongoing. Maintenance is spotty and derailments and crashes occur occasionally. Java has by far the best railway network, with trains connecting the capital city of Jakarta with other main cities, eg Surabaya both via Semarang on the north coast and via Yogyakarta and Solo through the southern main line. Bandung is connected to Jakarta by some 30 trains per day, and is itself connected to Surabaya through Yogyakarta. Bali has no railway lines, but there are trains from Surabaya to Banyuwangi. connecting with ferries to the island. Sumatras networks are concentrated on the northern (around Medan ) and the southern (Lampung to Palembang ) parts of the island. Passenger trains on the island are much less frequent than in Java. Type of service: Air-conditioned Eksekutif (first) class Air-conditioned Bisnis (second) class Air-conditioned Ekonomi (third) classes are also available for the more budget-conscious traveler, but comfort and safety are noticeably less (due to congestion and length of travel time). No sleeping car service is provided in Indonesia, and the best accommodation provided is air-conditioned, adjustable reclining seats in the Argo and other eksekutif class trains. Ticket reservations can be made three months in advance, although a few generally tickets will still be available almost to the last minute. An exception is the very busy Lebaran season, in which time it is not advisable to travel due to the extremely high demand for tickets. On-line ticket reservation is available or you can get only the booking code and pay at the stations, post offices, train ticket agents, Indomaret group, Alfamart group and Railcard amp Railbox. You can also directly buy ticket without booking code at these online ticket distributors. The ticket fares is depends on time departure (different even in one day) and peak season or not, so seems as airplane fare ticket, but you can choose your own train seat number. Various food and beverage available for on train purchase. Generally, trains in Java travel through scenic areas, and travelers not in a hurry should consider the length of the journey and the scenery as a bonus to their travels. Some of the best scenery is from Jakarta to Bandung. However, in some areas outside the Bandung-Jakarta route, theft is uncommon, there are few security guards on those trains, but always look after for your valuable belongings to prevent theft. By bus edit The major types of buses are air-conditioned bus (AC) which divides to Executive or not and non-air-conditioned bus (non-AC or economy class). The air-conditioned chartered buses can be rented with its drivers for a tourist group. Indonesian bus companies offer intercity and interprovince routes. The interprovince routes usually include transportation to other islands mainly between Java and Sumatra. Bus maintenance for Executive buses is good, and drivers drive carefully, because they will be paid in commission basis and should bear the cost of repair if the bus struck something. Long, overnight journeys are convinient, because travellers can sleep and arrive in the morning. Using Executive bus is safe and secure because the assistant driver ia always counting the passengers and bus cannot pick someone during their trip. No more bus bandits in Indonesia. Ticket reservation can be made through many bus tickets agency which located on many locations. The agency mostly located inside or outside bus stations on many cities on Indonesia. In the future, Indonesian Ministry of Transportation used Online Tickets to simplify reservation. Currently there is an Online Bus Tickets Portal called Bosbis . This portal serve bus tickets reservation to many routes in Indonesia across Java, Sumatra, Bali, Kalimantan, and Nusa Tenggara. Passengers can book tickets with many bus operators choice like Pahala Kencana, Kramat Djati, Haryanto, Gunung Harta etc By point to point (scheduled) travelshuttle edit Scheduled travel is the latestnewest moda of Indonesian transportation, but recently is rapidly growing inline with the new toll roads and better highways. The travel use various AC minibus with passengers from 6 to 14 persons on reclining seats and run based on point to point routes. It means every operators have their many own shelters (points) at every departures and destinations cities. So, we may choose so many alternatives routes and may stop before destination point. Fromto airport they sometimes use also smallbig luxury buses (DAMRI, Primajasa and others) and is suitable for who get a lotmoderate of belonging.15 16 The most developed route is Jakarta to Bandung with ticket prices varying from Rp.54,000 to Rp.110,000 (USD 5.5 to 11.3) depending on convenience, leg spaceroom and luxuriousness. Every major city in Indonesia has travel agencies including Bali .17 18 - Bali shuttle-bus operator other than Perama The scheduled travel ticket is more expensive than the Regular AC Executive Bus, but the scheduled travel is faster and we may choose the points (routes). For going not more than 200-300 kilometers inland please consider it compared to using trains, regular buses or airplanes. Your belonging in the scheduled travels are more safe than using trains or regular buses, but expect to pay additional fees for surfboards and big packages on the minibus. Please contact the travel agency in advance and make a booking without any payment. Usually they are waiting to book passengers until the scheduled departure time and then they give the seats to wait listed passengers, if necessary. By car edit Traffic drives on the left in Indonesia. Indonesian driving habits are generally only slightly less atrocious than India or Vietnam. Lanes and traffic lights are happily ignored, passing habits are suicidal and driving on the road shoulder is common. Renting a car in Indonesia is cheap compared to renting in many other countries, and fuel costs remain relatively low, despite recent fuel price increases: the fixed price for gasoline ( premium ) is IDR8,500L and for diesel ( solar ) is IDR7,500L. Fuel price will increase very high, it can reach more than IDR12,000L for gasoline if you buy it at a fuel kiosk on rural areas (far from the city and not in an official gas station). For example in remote areas such as palm tree plantations in Sumatera or Kalimantan, very rarely are there official gas stations there. To drive a car yourself, an International Driver Permit is required in addition to your home country issued driving licence. Consider renting a car with a driver, the additional cost is quite low and having a traffic accident whilst driving in Indonesia will certainly spoil your trip. Road conditions and road maintenance in Indonesia is poor, especially so outside the major cities. During rainy season, major roads in Sumatra, Kalimantan and Sulawesi are often flooded for several weeks. Even if road conditions are good in major cities such as Jakarta, their driving habits are still dangerous, often causing traffic accidents. By becak edit Becak (BEH-chuck) is a tricycle (pedicab) transportation mode for short distances such as residential areas in many cities. In some areas, the driver is sitting at the back of the passenger, but in some areas (like Medan ) the driver is sitting on the side of the passenger. Good communication skills is integral to prevent getting overcharged on these rides. Often, sly drivers try to get some more money out of you after youve reached your destination, so be sure that you know how much it costs beforehand. Note that there are no becak in Jakarta or Bali and in the other cities Becak is allowed only in limited area or street. Instead, the motorized bajaj (BAH-jai), somewhat similar to the Thai tuk-tuk, serves the same function. In some other provinces (eg. North Sumatra, Aceh) you can also find motorbikes with sidecars, known as bentor or bemo (short for becak bermotor ). Becak is not cheap, but if you want to you can get Becak in Malioboro, Yogyakarta for a city tour package. By ojek edit If youre in such a hurry that youre willing to lose a limb to get there, then ojek motorcycle taxis might be the ticket for you. Ojek services consist of guys with bikes lounging around street corners, perhaps identified with a coloured, numbered jacket, who usually shuttle short distances down alleys and roads but will also do longer trips for a price. Haggle furiously. In some remote area with bad and narrow roadpath, we can use Ojek only. In major areas, such as Jakarta and Bali, you can download and use apps like Gojek, Grab, or Uber, which have transparent pricing and a variety of options, from motorbike to car. Talk edit The sole official language is Indonesian . known in that language as Bahasa Indonesia . The Indonesian language has adopted a number of loan words from Arabic, Dutch, and Sanskrit. It is similar to Malay (spoken in Malaysia. Brunei and Singapore ), and speakers of both languages can generally understand each other. The main differences are in the loan words: Malay was more influenced by the English language, while Indonesian was more influenced by the Dutch language. Written phonetically with the Latin alphabet and with a fairly logical grammar, Indonesian is generally regarded as one of the easier languages to learn, and A. M. Almatsiers The Easy Way to Master the Indonesian Language . a 200 page small paperback, is an excellent starting point. It can be found in any Indonesian bookstore for less than USD3. That said, it is not by all means saying that Indonesian (and Malay) language is all that easy and to be underestimated it has its own complexities (ie, verbs), but it is correct to say and presume that difficulties in learning Indonesian may not be comparable to those in, say, Russian or Mandarin. Spoken Indonesian, however, is a bit different story. An Indonesian dialect in one area will most likely be to a certain extent influenced by the respective local language. Sole proficiency in (formal) Indonesian grammar (and vocabulary) does not guarantee you to easily blend in deep conversation with Indonesian. Indonesians tend to speak a high level of slang and colloquial language daily. One largest form of this language, the Jakarta dialect, is mostly spoken in and around Jakarta but widely understood (and sometimes also used) elsewhere in Indonesia. Since 1992 the surf and language guidebook Indo Surf and Lingo has taught thousands of travelling surfers the basics of the language. The language went through a series of spelling reforms in the 1950s and the 1960s to reduce differences with Bahasa Malaysia and hide its Dutch roots. Although the reforms are long complete, you may still see old signs with dj for j . j for y . or oe for u . While Indonesian is the lingua franca throughout the archipelago, there are thousands of local languages as well, and if you really get off the beaten track, you may have to learn them as well. Some ethnic Chinese communities continue to speak various Chinese dialects, most notably Hokkien in Medan and Teochew in Pontianak. And unlike in Chinese in Malaysia or Singapore, large part of Chinese Indonesians speak fluent Indonesian and converse regularly in Indonesian even among themselves - in fact a lot of Chinese Indonesians do not speak any Chinese dialect of all, and learn it as a foreign language (An increasingly number of predominantly-Chinese private schools teach Chinese (in this case Mandarin), either as compulsory or optional subject). The same thing can also be said to most Indonesian citizens of Arab, Indian, or Japanese ancestry among others. Most educated seniors (70 yearsolder) in Indonesia understand Dutch. but realistically speaking English is far more useful these days. Though Arabic is not widely spoken, many educated Muslims, especially those who graduated from Islamic religious institutes, understand Arabic to varying degrees. Unlike in neighbouring Malaysia or the Philippines. English is generally not widely spoken, though this is often due to shyness. Hotel, airline, banking, cellular operator and other service staff generally speak an acceptable level of English, and English is widely spoken on the touristy island of Bali. English has been taught in schools consistently over the last couple decades, particularly in large cities (more rural areas teach their local language instead, or both), so anyone reasonably educated under the age of 25 will have had some sort of English practice. While they may be shy to attempt it, they will generally understand simple English. If you need surefire help, college students tend to be most eagerable to help out a passing foreigner needing a hand. English language TV channels are available on most hotels. MetroTV (local TV channel) broadcasts news in Chinese from Monday to Friday at 07:00. MetroTV also broadcasts news in English from Monday to Friday at 07:30. TVRI (state owned TV station) broadcasts news in English from Monday to Friday at 16:30 in the afternoon. All schedules are in Waktu Indonesia Barat (WIB), which is 7h ahead of Greenwich Mean Time and includes the capital city of Jakarta. See edit add listing Natural attractions edit The crater lake of Mount Rinjani in Lombok Indonesia is home to no less than 167 active volcanoes . far more than any other country. Some of the more accessible for visitors are in the Bromo-Tengger-Semeru National Park and the Ijen Crater in East Java. Mount Rinjani in Lombok and perhaps easiest of all, Mount Batur in Bali. A list of 226 Indonesian mountains has recently been compiled. Hardly surprisingly in the worlds largest archipelago, beaches are significant attractions. Aside from the obvious like Bali. there are wonderful beaches in off-the-beaten-track locations in Maluku. Nusa Tenggara and Sulawesi. In a nation of 18,000 islands, the options are almost endless. An endemic Sumatran Orangutan in the Gunung Leuser National Park Indonesia has some of the largest remaining tracts of tropical forest anywhere in the world, and these support an incredibly diverse wildlife from Orangutans and other primates to critically endangered Javan Rhinoceros and Tigers, and an extraordinarily wide range of bird species. Forest areas recognised as UNESCO World Heritage Sites are Ujung Kulon National Park in West Java. and three huge parks in Sumatra. which together comprise the Tropical Rain Forest Heritage of Sumatra . Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park. Gunung Leuser National Park and Kerinci Seblat National Park. Further east, Komodo Island is the home of the remarkable Komodo Dragon and a very diverse marine life. Close to the very eastern limit of Indonesia, the remote Lorentz National Park in Papua has a permanent glacier, and is the single largest national park anywhere in Southeast Asia. Historical and cultural attractions edit Borobudur in Central Java is the worlds largest Buddhist monument, dating from the 8th century, and nearby Prambanan is a remarkable Hindu monument dating from just a few years later. Those two, together with the charm of Yogyakarta. make for a popular cultural combination in Central Java. Pura Ulun Danau Bratan in Bali Also in Central Java, the Dieng Plateau is home to the oldest extant temples in Indonesia, predating Borobudur by some 100 years, and just north of Solo. the early man archaeological excavation at Sangiran is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. In such a vast archipelago it is hardly surprising that there are some very distinct and unique cultures, often contained in relatively small areas. Bali has a unique Hindu culture, descended from the great Javanese Majapahit Kingdom in the 13th and 14th centuries. The whole island is adorned by beautifully kept temples ( pura ), and there is a seemingly endless procession of colourful ceremonies. Some of the better known are the mother temple at Besakih. Pura Ulun Danau Bratan. and Pura Uluwatu. Further east, Sumba is home to one of the few remaining megalithic cultures anywhere on earth. In Sulawesi. the Tana Toraja region is famous for spectacular animist burial rites. Visiting the vast hinterland of Papua in the far east of the country requires considerable planning, an awful lot of money, and a tolerance for extremely challenging conditions. However, for those who want a true wilderness experience and the opportunity to witness first-hand cultures that have had very little contact with the outside world, it is hard to think of a better option anywhere on earth. Itineraries edit Do edit add listing Scuba diving edit Indonesia has some of the best scuba diving in the world . and this is a major draw for tourists with places like Bunaken in Northern Sulawesi. Wakatobi in South East Sulawesi and Raja Ampat in Papua known worldwide. Diving off Bali is often overlooked although it is superb with daily trips to the mantas of Nusa Penida. Travel guides have been raving about the Gili Islands although dynamite fishing has damaged the once beautiful reefs. Bali and the Gili Islands are Indonesia s most important teaching centres. Pulau Weh in the Indian Ocean has the best diving in Sumatra. Spa treatments edit Visiting a spa is a very popular activity for all types of visitors. These vary from simply constructed huts to lavish so-called wellness centres in the grandest of five star hotels. There is usually an option to suit just about every budget. If massage is your thing, there are few places anywhere which offer such high quality for such low prices. Again this could be at a five star hotel or it could be under coconut tree on a quiet beach. Surfing edit Indonesia is a premier destination for travelling surfers. The Mentawai Islands off the west coast of Sumatra feature dozens of world class surf spots. Chartering a private boat for up to two weeks is the most popular way to access the island chain, however there is a public ferry from Padang. Just to the north Nias is equally popular amongst hard-core surfers. Further east, Bali and tiny Nusa Lembongan have some great waves, the south of Lombok likewise, and for the more adventurous, Sumbawa offers world class surfing. All Indonesias surf beaches are described in the beautifully photographed Indo Surf and Lingo surfing guidebook 19 together with comprehensive listings of the best surf camps and surf charter yachts. Buy edit add listing Indonesias currency is the Rupiah ( IDR ), abbreviated Rp . The Rupiahs value plummeted during the 1997 economic crisis, but has strengthened again significantly in recent years. The trailing three zeros are often abbreviated with rb ( ribu . thousand) or even dropped completely, and for more expensive items you will often even see jt ( juta . million). The largest banknote is the red Rp 100,000, which may only be US10 but is still inconveniently large for most purchases. Next in the series are Rp 50,000 (blue), Rp 20,000 (green), Rp 10,000 (purple), Rp 5,000 (brown), Rp 2,000 (gray) and finally Rp 1,000. The Rp 1,000 note is discontinued and currently being replaced with a coin. While the new, colorful large-denomination bills are easy to tell apart, the smaller bills and pre-2004 large notes are all confusingly similar pale pastel shades of yellow, green and brown and often filthy and mangled to boot. A chronic shortage of small change 8212 its not unusual to get a few pieces of candy back instead of coins 8212 has been to some extent alleviated by a new flood of new coins, available in denominations of Rp 1,000, Rp 500. The Rp 200, Rp 100, Rp 50 and the thoroughly useless Rp 25 are being withdrawn during 2012. Older golden metallic versions are also still floating around. Bills printed in 1992 or earlier are no longer in circulation, but can be exchanged at banks. Currently the smaller coins are being withdrawn from circulation. US dollars will be accepted by many in a pinch, but are typically used as an investment and for (very) large purchases, not buying a bowl of noodles on the street. Unlike some other South East Asian countries, you will do the vast majority of your spending in local currency and hence should carry a good supply of Rupiah, as most people will not know current exchange rates and worry about stringent rules banks and money changers impose on the condition of notes (see below). Many hotels quote rates in dollars, but all accept payment in Rupiah and many who quote in USD then seek to convert the billing into Rupiah for payment. Many will likely use a somewhat disadvantageous rate to do this. If you pay any bill in Indonesia with a credit card it will be charged to your account in Rupiah, regardless of the currency you were quoted. Aside from the US dollar, other major international currencies are also widely accepted for a cash settlement, especially in more touristy areas. Changing money edit Banks and money exchangers are widely available on Java, Bali and Lombok, but can be a major headache anywhere else, so load up with Rupiah before heading off to any outer islands. Money exchangers are very picky about bill condition, and pre-2006 dollars or any imperfect bills or (ripped, wrinkled, stained, or marked in any way) will normally be rejected. Banks will most likely reject any pre-2006 US currency. Counterfeit US dollars are a huge problem in the country and as a result the older your dollars are, the lower the exchange rate. You will get the highest exchange rate for dollars issued in 2006 or later and the exchange rate drops for dollars for currency outside a very narrow range of perceived acceptability. There are even different exchange rates according to the serial number for dollars from 1996. Banks and money exchangers on outer islands are sparse and will charge commissions of 10-20 if you can find them. In the reverse direction, money changers will be happy to turn your dirty Rupiah into spiffy dollars, but the spread is often considerable (10 is not unusual). Be very careful dealing with moneychangers, who are very adept at distracting your attention during the counting process and short-changing you as a result. As a precaution, consider bringing a friend along to watch over the transaction very carefully. Be aware of moneychangers who offer great rates. They will quote you one price, and start counting stacks of Rp.20,000 notes, and ask you to count along with them. This is a ploy to confuse and shortchange you. If they realise you are onto them, they will tell you that they have to subtract 6-8 for commission or taxes. Reputable money changers will have rate boards advertising a rate slightly below the current market rate (or need to look up the current rate first) and not charge any commission. This isnt a guarantee you wont get short changed though. Always count your money carefully and dont change too much at once to avoid confusion over the large number of zeros and minimize the extent to which you can be ripped off. ATMs edit ATM s (pron. ah-teh-em ) on the international PlusCirrus networks are common in all major Indonesian cities and tourist destinations, but may be harder to come by in the backblocks. Beware of withdrawal limits as low as Rp.500,000 ( US55) per day in some machines. As a rule of thumb, machines loaded with Rp 50,000 denomination notes (theres a sticker on ATM often) do not dispense more than Rp 1,500,000 (30 notes) per transaction even in Jakarta. Those with Rp 100,000 notes can give more, up to Rp 3,000,000 (many CIMB, PermataBank, HSBC, BII and some BRI machines Commonwealth bank on Bali) at once. Note, however, that these notes can be harder to break, particularly in rural non-tourist areas. Bank branches are generally happy to break large notes taken from their ATMs up into smaller ones at no charge. For most ATMs, you can make repeated withdrawals up to the equivalent amount by your home countrys bank. Say for example you withdraw Rp 50,000 from an ATM, which can dispense a maximum of Rp 50,000 per transaction. Once the ATM releases your ATM card you can insert it back in and make another maximum withdrawal from that same ATM. Just keep in mind of the foreign transaction fees, if applicable, and daily withdrawal limits allowed by your bank. Credit cards edit Be careful when using credit cards . as cloning and fraud are a major problem in Indonesia. Visa and Mastercard are widely accepted, but American Express can be problematic. At smaller operations, surcharges of 2-5 over cash are common. Discover is not accepted. A good rule of thumb to minimize fraud is to use your credit card for larger purchases such as hotels, and use cash everywhere else. Costs edit Living in Indonesia is cheap, as long as youre willing to live like an Indonesian. For example, Rp 10,000 (about 1.15) will get you a meal on the street or a packet of cigarettes or three kilometers in a taxi or three bottles of water. But as a tourist it is often necessary to haggle and negotiate a minimum of 50-70 off an initial asking price, otherwise you will spend your money quickly. Fancy restaurants, hotels and the like will charge 10 government sales tax plus a variable service charge. This may be denoted with after the price or just written in tiny print on the bottom of the menu. Shopping time edit While most commercial places close on Sunday in old Europe, it does not apply in Indonesia, which has a positively American attitude to Sundays as in Sundays are for Shopping. Most of them even have the largest visitors in Sunday (and national holidays) and shopping malls often become VERY crowded on Sunday. So if you plan to go to Indonesian malls and shopping centers, weekdays (Monday to Friday) is the best time to visit. Saturdays and Sundays (as well as national holidays) are favorite days for Indonesians to go shopping and sightseeing, and as a result, most commercial points open 7 days a week. The notably exceptions are Idul-Fitri ( Lebaran . end of Ramadan celebration), which most commercials close or open late up to two or three days afterwards (though most likely less applied in non-Muslim majority areas like North Sulawesi and Bali ), and Indonesian independence day, the 17th of August. To the lesser extent, the same goes with Christmas, particularly in Christian-majority population areas (North Sulawesi and parts of North Sumatera) and in Chinese-run majority commercials (like Glodok or Mangga Dua in Jakarta), as a large number of Indonesian Chinese living in major cities are Christian. Shopping malls and commercials open at around 10 am, and street shops (and traditional markets) open as early as 6 am, and close at around 8 to 9 pm. Twenty-four hours stores (not malls) is not uncommon in major cities. Eat edit add listing Spiced nasi kuning rice shaped into the ceremonial tumpeng cone and topped with beef floss abon With 17,000 islands to choose from, Indonesian food is an umbrella term covering a vast variety of regional cuisines found across the nation, but if used without further qualifiers the term tends to mean the food originally from the central and eastern parts of the main island Java. Now widely available throughout the archipelago, Javanese cuisine consists of an array of simply seasoned dishes, the predominant flavorings the Javanese favor being peanuts, chillies and sugar. All too often, many backpackers seem to fall into a rut of eating nothing but nasi goreng (fried rice), and perhaps other commonly available Javanese dishes, but there are much more interesting options lurking about if youre adventurous and take the trouble to seek them out. In West Java, Sundanese many fresh vegetables and herbs are commonly eaten raw. Padang in Sumatra is famous for the spicy and richly-seasoned cuisine of the Minangkabau people, which shares some similarities to cooking in parts of neighbouring Malaysia, and eateries specialising in the buffet-style nasi padang are now ubiquitous across the nation. Both the Christian Batak peoples and the Hindu Balinese are great fans of pork, while the Minahasa of North Sulawesi are well known for eating almost everything, in particular dog and fruit bat, and a very liberal usage of fiery chillies even by Indonesian standards. Tamed Muslim-friendly versions of all three can be found in the malls and food courts of many Indonesian cities, but its worth it to seek out the real thing especially if you happen to be in these regions. And by the time you get to Papua in the extreme east of the country, youre looking at a Melanesian diet of taro and sago. Due to the majority of Indonesians being Muslim, most of its dishes are considered as Halal (not containing any pork substances), though a few exceptions do exist, such as Balinese babi guling(roast pig). Rice edit Sundanese nasi timbel (rice in banana leaf) with ayam penyet (smashed fried chicken), sambal chili sauce and lalapan fresh veggies Chinese-style tofu and seafood sapo claypot Popular main dishes include: ayam bakar . grilled chicken ayam goreng . deep-fried chicken cap cay . Chinese-style stir-fried vegetables gado-gado . blanched vegetables with peanut sauce gudeg . jackfruit stew from Yogyakarta . ikan bakar . grilled fish karedok . similar to gado-gado, but the vegetables are finely chopped and mostly raw perkedel . deep-fried patties of potato and meat or vegetables (adopted from the Dutch frikadel ) sate (satay), grilled chicken and lamb sapo . Chinese-style claypot stew Another common popular dish in Indonesia (mainly in larger cities) is the so-called gorengan . Literally means something fried . it is basically pretty simple: raw food dipped in rice flour starch mixed with salt, sugar, pepper, and sometimes green onion slices, and then deep-fried. What is fried may vary from banana, tofu, tempeh, sweet potato, cassava, etc. Gorengan is commonly sold in street hawkers, usually recognized through their specifically-designed carts. Gorengan usually comes with two variations: the sweet-taste gorengan (banana, sweet potato), and the salty-tasted one (cassava, tofu, tempeh). Both are usually consumed as snack, and the salty ones can also be served as the main dish (complementary to rice). In fact, gorengan is so popular that it is uncommon for official meetings and gatherings to serve it, at least during the break. Being street food, however, you might need to be aware as the level of hygiene and cleanliness may be questionable. Also be wary that gorengan is commonly fried using the recycled cooking oil, that is the same portion of cooking oil used to fry gorengan over and over, and sometimes, unsold gorengan is fried repeatedly to keep it warm. As such, there are increasing concerns that regular and prolonged consumption of gorengan can lead to various health effects (the most serious being even cancer). That being said, gorengan is still very popular, because it is cheap - one piece of it can cost as low as 500 IDR for the small-sized cut, and 1000 IDR (around 10 cents US dollar) for the bigger one -, tasty, practical, and, in case a full meal is not immediately available, a few pieces of it can usually make you stuffed quickly due to carbohydrate it contains. Condiments edit Indonesian chillies: tiny but brutally hot cabe rawit (left) and comparatively mild lombok (right) Chillies ( cabe or lombok ) are made into a vast variety of sauces and dips known as sambal . The simplest and perhaps most common is sambal ulek . which is just chillies and salt with perhaps a dash of lime pounded together. There are many other kinds of sambal like sambal pecel (with peanut), sambal terasi (with shrimp paste), sambal tumpeng . etc. Many of these can be very spicy indeed, so be careful if youre asked whether you would like your dish pedas (spicy) Crackers known as kerupuk (or keropok . its the same word spelled differently) accompany almost every meal and are a traditional snack too. They can be made from almost any grain, fruit, vegetable or seed imaginable, including many never seen outside Indonesia, but perhaps the most common are the light pink keropok udang . made with dried shrimp, and the slightly bitter light yellow emping . made from the nuts of the melinjo fruit. Desserts edit Dessert in the Western sense is not common in Indonesia, but there are plenty of snacks to tickle your sweet tooth. Kue covers a vast array of traditional cakes and pastries, all colorful, sweet, and usually a little bland, with coconut, rice flour and sugar being the main ingredients. Es teler . ice mixed with fruits and topped with coconut cream or condensed milk, comes in infinite variations and is a popular choice on a hot day. Perhaps the cheapest, tastiest and healthiest option, though, is to buy some fresh fruit . which is available throughout the year, although individual fruits do have seasons. Popular options include mango ( mangga ), papaya ( papaya ), banana ( pisang ), starfruit ( belimbing ) and guava ( jambu ), but more exotic options youre unlikely to see outside Indonesia include the scaly-skinned crisp snakefruit ( salak ) and the alien-looking local passionfruit ( markisa ). Probably the most infamous Indonesian fruit, though, is the durian . Named after the Indonesian word for thorn . it resembles an armor-plated coconut the size of a human head, and it has a powerful odor often likened to rotting garbage. Inside is yellow creamy flesh, which has a unique sweet, custardy, avocadoey taste and texture. Its prohibited in most hotels and taxis. Dietary restrictions edit The vast majority of Indonesian restaurants serve only halal food and are thus safe for Muslim travellers. This includes Western chains like McDonalds, KFC and Pizza Hut. The main exception is ethnic eateries catering to Indonesias non-Muslim minorities, especially those serving Batak, Manadonese (Minahasan), Balinese, and Chinese cuisine, so enquire if unsure. That being said, the different religions are not uniformly distributed throughout Indonesia, so while it is a somewhat safe assumption that any food you get off the street in Jakarta or Palembang will be halal . this may not be so in areas dominated by other religions such as Bali or Jayapura. Strict vegetarians will have a tough time in Indonesia, as the concept is poorly understood and avoiding fish and shrimp-based condiments is a challenge. Tofu ( tahu ) and its chunkier, indigenous cousin tempeh are an essential part of the diet, but they are often served with non-vegetarian condiments. For example, the ubiquitous sambal chili pastes very often contain shrimp, and kerupuk crackers with a spongy appearance, including those always served with nasi goreng . nearly always contain shrimp or fish. (Those that resemble potato chips, on the other hand, are usually fine.) Eating by hand edit In Indonesia eating with your hand (instead of utensils like forks and spoons) is very common. The basic idea is to use four fingers to pack a little ball of rice, which can then be dipped into sauces before you pop it in your mouth by pushing it with your thumb. Theres one basic rule of etiquette to observe: Use only your right hand . as the left hand is used to clean yourself in the toilet. Dont stick either hand into communal serving dishes: instead, use the left hand to serve yourself with utensils and then dig in. Needless to say, its wise to wash your hands well before and after eating. Eating by hand is frowned on in some classier places. If you are provided with cutlery and nobody else around you seems to be doing it, then take the hint. Places to eat edit A kaki lima serving up bakso meatball soup in Kuta. Bali